Secret files leak: Afghanistan's hidden war
Updated on 26 July 2010
War as we have never been allowed to see it before: more than 90,000 secret files reveal alleged "execution squads" and an apparent plot to kill the Afghan president. Wikileaks editor Julian Assange speaks to Channel 4 News about the biggest military leak in history.
Channel 4 News has seen the classified documents but has been unable to independently verify their authenticity.
Secret Afghanistan files: revealed in massive data breach
The extraordinary leak made public by anti-secrecy website Wikileaks has lifted the lid on more than 90,000 US military documents involving classified information direct from the battlefield in Afghanistan. It is the US army's secret war diary - 200,000 pages of it - written by soldiers on the frontline.
The files reveal previously classified information about civilian deaths, a mysterious "assassinations squad" named Task Force 373, an alleged Pakistani plot to kill President Karzai, evidence of suspected foreign support for the Taliban and countless daily incidents in which Nato troops are engaged by enemy forces.
Watch: interview with Wikileaks founder Julian Assange
Afghan files: Task Force 373 - the Taliban hunters
Wikileaks files raise questions over civilian casualties
War files leak: timing threatens US-Pakistan relations
Click here to visit wikileaks.org
Wikileaks founder and editor Julian Assange has told a press conference in London the files could also contain details of "thousands" of potential war crimes.
He said: "It is up to a court to decide clearly whether something is in the end a crime. That said, on the face of it, there does appear to be evidence of war crimes in this material."
Mr Assange said the files were not about one single horrific event but the bigger picture of the conflict, now in its ninth year.
He explained: "The real story of this material is that it is war, it's one damn thing after another.
"It's the continuous small events, the continuous deaths of children, insurgents, allied forces, the millions of people."
The data gives a graphical record of the war from 2004 until the end of 2009, detailing thousands of US military operations. The leaks contain "cables" filed by US units, often within a couple of hours of combat.
They contain logs of both civilian and military "kills" - pinpointing when and where a death happened. More than 20,000 deaths have been recorded overall.
Leaked files: death toll
The classified reports contain detailed logs of fatalities - both military and civilian.
Afghanistan expert and author Stephen Grey, who wrote Operation Snakebite, has analysed the data for Channel 4 News and calculated the number of deaths revealed in the report. Here is the breakdown:
Enemy killed: 15,506
Civilians killed: 4,232
Afghan Army (ANA) killed: 3,819
Nato forces killed: 1,138
In an earlier interview with Channel 4 News, Mr Assange said he believed this is "the most comprehensive history of a war ever to be published - during the course of the war".
He explained: "We can see bungled operations, Special Forces go in to kill an alleged Taliban or al-Qaida, fire off missiles... kill seven children and in fact the target wasn't there.
"We can see how these lists are probably abused. There's no judicial process or review. We can see governors, local warlords, unhappy with a competitor and they nominate them to go onto these assassination lists."
Read: Julian Assange full interview with Channel 4 News
The White House has issued a statement "condemning" the leak. The statement reads: "We strongly condemn the disclosure of classified information by individuals and organisations, [it] puts the lives of the US and partner service members at risk and threatens our national security.
"Wikileaks made no effort to contact the United States government about these documents, which may contain information that endangers the lives of Americans, our partners, and local populations who co-operate with us."
'Blaming the messenger'
First off, ignore the puerile whining from the White House about "national security" and "threats to the lives of soldiers in the field" and so forth. One might have expected more from the White House and America with its tradition of rather greater openness – but this kind of thing is down there with the British Ministry of Defence in terms of blaming the messenger rather than the message, writes Alex Thomson
Read More
'Underreporting' of civilian deaths by coalition forces
Some of the documents appear to indicate the "underreporting" of civilian casualties.
In 2008, an AC-130 "Spectre" gunship carried out a ground attack on the village of Azizabad in Herat Province. The target was a Taliban commander. The report at the time said that no civilians had died. It only refers to 30 insurgents killed in action.
In fact, according to a UN report, 90 civilians died - 60 of them children as well as 15 women.
Meanwhile in September 2006, troops taking part in Operation Medusa moved into a large area around Panjwayi, west of Kandahar, and a known Taliban stronghold.
A Nato report found that 31 civilians had died - 20 of them from the same extended family following an airstrike. The leaked documents record 181 deaths.
(US army paratroopers battle militants in northwest Afghanistan - Getty)
Top secret black-ops unit targeting Taliban and Al Qaeda leaders on 'capture/kill lists'
In June 2007 a special forces unit - Task Force 373 - attempted to kill or capture a senior al-Qaida commander. The leaked secret report shows that the operation left seven children dead. The documents also reveals that "TF 373" were using deadly high-mobility artillery rocket systems - known as "Himars" missiles.
Julian Assange told Channel 4 News: "There are many reports discussing the assassination lists that the US military have - hundreds, maybe thousands, of people are on these lists."
(Revealed: a US military report details a failed attempt to kill a senior member of al-Qaida, which left seven children dead in June 2007)
Alleged plot by Pakistani intelligence to kill Afghan President Hamid Karzai
The files also contain material about Pakistan's ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence) operatives crossing over the border as well as firing by US troops from Afghanistan into Pakistan and covert drone flights.
There is a log on an alleged plot by ISI spies to assassinate Afghan President Hamid Karzai in August 2008. The log describes a "suicide mission" at the presidential palace, but concedes: "There was no information as to how or when this was to be carried out".
(Revealed: details of an alleged Pakistani plot to assassinate President Hamid Karzai)
Statement from the White House in full:
"We strongly condemn the disclosure of classified information by individuals and organisations [which] put the lives of the US and partner service members at risk and threatens our national security.
"Wikileaks made no effort to contact the United States government about these documents, which may contain information that endanger the lives of Americans, our partners, and local populations who cooperate with us."
On Pakistan:
"That said, the status quo is not acceptable, which is precisely why the United State has focused so much on this challenge.
"Pakistan is moving in the right direction, but more must be done. The safe-havens for violent extremist groups within Pakistan continue to pose an intolerable threat to the United States, to Afghanistan, and to the Pakistani people who have suffered greatly from terrorism."
Who leaked the data?
Somewhere in the world at a US military base in the last six months, someone accessed a secret computer and started to copy the entire contents of a classified network.
The information copied by that insider has now been placed on the internet by Wikileaks.
Wilikeaks say they have cut out some references to sources of intelligence – to avoid them being killed by the Taliban. They call it "harm minimisation" but it is, of course, a form of censorship – a new departure for this group.
Parallels with the 'Pentagon Papers'
The documents have drawn parallels with another major military leak, when in 1971 top secret papers about America's political and military involvement in Vietnam were brought to light in the New York Times.
The study, officially titled United States-Vietnam Relations, 1945-1967, became known as the "Pentagon Papers" (see full text) and detailed the ultimately doomed involvement of the US in the conflict.
Julian Assange, Wikileaks editor, told Channel 4 News this new data leak is even more significant.
He said: "There doesn't seem to be an equivalent disclosure made during the course of the war when it might have some effect. the nearest equivalent is perhaps the Pentagon Papers released by Daniel Ellsberg in the 1970s which was about 10,000 papers - but that was already four years old when it was released."
(Field Artillery fire a 155mm Howlitzer at a Taliban observation point in Kandahar - Getty)
Military acronyms and abbreviations: what they mean
AAF - Anti Afghanistan forces (Taliban)
AC-130 - Spectre gunship (heavily armed seek and destroy aircraft)
ANA - Afghan National Army
AWT - Advanced weapons team
CJSOTF – Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force
EKIA – Enemy killed in action
EOM - End of message
ETT - Engineer training team
EWIA – Enemy wounded in action
FF - Friendly forces
HIMARS - High mobility artillery rocket system
ISAF - International Security and Assistance Force
JEL - Joint Effects List (low priority capture/kill list)
JPEL - Joint Priority Effects List (Special Forces kill/capture list)
KAF – Kandahar Air Field
MEDEVAC – Medical evacuation
NC - Non combatants (Civilians)
NOFORM - Not for release to foreign nationals
OBJ - Objective or target
RPG – Rocket propelled grenade
RPK - Soviet made light machine gun
SAF - Small arms fire
TB - Taliban
TIC - Troops in contact
WIA - Wounded in action
Z – Zulu time. This refers to GMT which is standard for Nato military forces
