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Octopuses use a modified arm in mating but it does not function as a mammalian penis as Aristotle thought. During mating, a spermatophore (a packet containing sperm) is passed into a groove in the male’s third right arm and then transferred into the oviduct of a female. This arm can also be used to remove sperm from her previous encounters with different males. During mating, octopuses may employ either male on top (‘mounted mating’) or side-by-side (‘distance mating’). During distance mating, the modified arm is extended some distance to reach the female. | |||||||