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Medical anatomists
| Anatomy and art | Ethics and the law
| Body Worlds
Medical anatomists
Websites
William Harvey on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals
www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1628harvey-blood.html
A brief biography and extracts from Harvey's treatise that announced
and demonstrated the circulation of blood.
William Cheselden (1688-1752)
www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/default
-home.htm?surgeons/cheselden.htm~right
A
biography of one of the leading English surgeons of the early 18th century
who brought much needed respectability to the surgeon's trade.
Teaching Surgery and Breaking the Law
www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba48/ba48feat.html
Recent archaeological excavations on urban development sites in the
UK uncovered the illegal activities of anatomists in the 18th and 19th
centuries.
William and John Hunter
www.hoslink.com/pioneers3.htm
Biographies of the Scottish surgeons who had a great influence on
the surgeon's practice in the 1800s and who formed the Hunterian Medical
School in Soho.
Burke and Hare
www.crimelibrary.com/serial9/burke-hare/
A full biography of the grisly bodysnatchers, including details of
the murders they undertook and the legacy they have left behind.
Robert Knox
www.rcsed.ac.uk/journal/vol45_6/4560011.htm
A respected anatomical teacher and first Conservator of the Royal
College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Knox was publicly vilified due to his
dealings with Burke and Hare.
Reading
Murdering to Dissect: Grave robbing, Frankenstein and the anatomy
literature by Timothy Marshall (Manchester University Press, 1996)
Out of print
Marshall's particular focus is the Anatomy Act of 1832, which ended the
graverobbing trade. By quoting Shelley's Frankenstein alongside
accounts of medical, legal and political history, he argues that they
might be seen as synonymous writings, one in the world of the imagination,
the other in the realm of legislation.
Body Story by David Williams (Channel 4 Books, 1999) Out of print
Explores the human anatomy and explains how the body reacts to the critical
events in a human life. Areas of investigation include pregnancy, bone
and skin repair, heart attack and death.
 Gray's
Anatomy by Henry Gray (Running Press, 1987)
A complete overview of the workings of the human body, accompanied by
photographs and diagrams. It is considered to be the definitive study
text for medical and art students.
Get
this book
The Anatomical Renaissance: The resurrection of the anatomical projects
of the ancients by Andrew Cunningham (Ashgate, 1997) £49.95
An in-depth analysis of Renaissance anatomical procedures and how they
are still echoed in modern practice.
Get
this book
Dissection and Vivisection in the European Renaissance by Roger
French (Ashgate, 1999)
Offers accounts of the beliefs about the body and soul and the compartmentalised
nature of late medieval forces that governed the trade of medicine and
the specialty of anatomy.
Get
this book
 Death, Dissection and the Destitute by Ruth Richardson (Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2001)
Medical historian Richardson gives an historical analysis of the issues
of folklore and science, life and death, and the political struggles surrounding
ownership of the body in the 19th century.
Get
this book
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Anatomy and art
History of anatomy in art
Websites
Galen of Pergamum
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Galen.html
World of Science is an excellent science history site with biographies
of noted physicians of the age. It describes Galen as being a 'performance
artist'.
The Anatomical Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci
www.geocities.com/CollegePark/1070/leonardo.html
A thorough history of Leonardo's scientific beliefs and methods, detailing
his system of cross-sectional drawing that is still used by modern-day
physicians.
De Humani Corporis Fabrica
http://vesalius.northwestern.edu/
A comprehensive biography of Vesalius, author and artist of the most
comprehensive 'body atlas' ever produced. The site includes a sample chapter
of his study of the human eye, with diagrams.
Reading
Leonardo da Vinci on the Human Body translated by Charles O'Malley
(Crown Publications, 2003)
Includes excerpts from Leonardo's writings, with over 1,200 reproductions
of graphic and painted works.
Get
this book
 The
Illustrations from the Works of Andreas Vesalius by JB Saunders and
CD O'Malley (Dover Publications, 1973)
Illustrations from De Humani Corporis Fabrica are accompanied by passages
of the original text.
Get
this book
Anatomy and modern art
Websites
Gilbert & George
www.artnet.com/ag/fineartthumbnails.asp?gid=651&cid=3018
Representations of Gilbert & George's 'Fundamental Pictures' that
depict macro images of faeces and other bodily secretions.
The Life and Death of Damien Hirst
www.channel4.com/culture/microsites/H/hirst/index.html
A thorough background to the artist who is often buried under hype.
His use of dead and dissected animals has earned him many detractors.
Herman Nitsch
www.nitsch.org
Site of the controversial German artist who uses slaughtered animals
in his work.
Piss Art
http://ensemble.va.com.au/array/chap_00.html
An exhaustive list of artists who have created art using or depicting
urine, including links to their work.
Wim Delvoye
www.time.com/time/europe/generatione/mediums/delvoye.html
Belgian artist Wim Delvoye has recreated the human digestive system
using chemical beakers, electric pumps and plastic tubing. The food and
waste machine has been called the 'most universal human portrait ever
made'.
Orlan
www.orlan.net
The French artist Orlan challenges the status of the body in society
by engaging in multiple surgical operations on herself. In designing exaggerated
representations of mythical female figures, she has had horns grafted
onto her forehead and plans to have the largest nose technically possible.
White Cube
www.whitecube.com/
A Project Room for contemporary art, profiling works by Sarah Lucas,
Tracy Emin, Damien Hirst, Sarah Morris and Antony Gormley, among others.
Hello Culture
www.channel4.com/culture/microsites/H/hello_culture/flash/
Matthew Collings explores modern art and philosophy from its Romantic
foundations.
Tate Modern
www.tate.org.uk/modern/
Displays the Tate's collection of international modern art from 1900
to the present day, including major works by Bacon, Dalí, Picasso,
Matisse, Rothko and Warhol as well as contemporary work by artists such
as Rebecca Horn, Steve McQueen and Gillian Wearing.
The Anatomy of Disgust
www.channel4.com/culture/microsites/A/anatomy_disgust/
Looks at the disgust response in science, politics and culture, exploring
the work of artists who attempt to confront the gap between the sanitised
façade and the dirty reality of our world.
Reading
 Art
and Outrage: Provocation, controversy and the visual arts by John
A Walker (Pluto Press, 1998)
Throughout this alternative history of art, Walker questions what happens
when an artist's work is labelled obscene and why we are sometimes so
troubled by the avant-garde.
Get
this book
Spectacular Bodies: The art and science of the human body from Leonardo
to now by Martin Kemp and Marina Wallace (Hayward Gallery, 2000)
This book accompanied the similarly named exhibition at London's Hayward
gallery in 2000, showcasing the work of artists who continue to find inspiration
in the human body as forensic and medical sciences advance with the development
of genetic fingerprinting, cryogenics and designer babies.
Get
this book
 Blimey! From Bohemia to Britpop: The London artworld from Francis
Bacon to Damien Hirst by Matthew Collings (21 Publishing, 2001)
An art critic's evocative commentary of 90s contemporary artists is enhanced
by photographs, bringing London's artists, dealers and critics face-to-face
with the reader.
Get
this book
 This Is Modern Art by Matthew Collings (Seven Dials, 2000)
Written to accompany the television series of the same name, this is an
in-your-face guide that tells the story of modern art from Picasso to
Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin and Sarah Lucas. What is modern art? Why do
we like/hate it? Can anybody do it? These and many other questions are
answered in this book.
Get
this book
 Gilbert & George by Achille Bonito Oliva, Angela Tecce et
al (Edizioni Charta, 1999)
Gilbert & George continue to disturb the public, seeking to ruthlessly
strip bare the most hidden fears of society. Through the power of their
images, they invite us to question the way we live, our convictions, and
our darkest corners.
Get
this book
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Anatomy, ethics and the law
Websites
Who Really Owns Our Bodies?
http://society.guardian.co.uk/alderhey/comment/0,8006,431006,00.html
An article that looks at legal definitions of corpse ownership following
the organ scandal of Alder Hey. The trial of the artist Anthony Noel Kelly
in 1998 for theft of anatomical specimens had a great impact on the debate
over commercial use of the dead.
Making Art Out of Body Parts
www.fraudband.org/gettingit/article/563
An essay on the body and its politics, particularly the effect of
technology and pop culture on our ethics.
Doctors Back Change of Law on Body Part Removal
http://society.guardian.co.uk/alderhey/story/0,7999,430981,00.html
An account of the ethics behind the changes made in medical law after
the Alder Hey scandal.
Reading
Death, Dissection and the Destitute by Ruth Richardson (Weidenfeld
& Nicholson, 2001)
An historical analysis of the issues of folklore and science, life and
death, and the political struggles surrounding ownership of the body in
the 19th century.
Get
this book
 The Anatomy of Disgust by William Ian Miller (Harvard University
Press, 1998)
The author argues that disgust and contempt play crucial roles in creating
and maintaining social hierarchy, bringing order and meaning to lives.
Get
this book
 Body Snatching by Suzanne M Shultz (McFarland, 2005)
An account of the practice of grave robbing for the medical education
of American medical students and physicians between the late 1700s and
1800s, explaining why the practice was necessary and how disinterment
of corpses was accomplished.
Get
this book
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Professor von Hagens' Body Worlds
Websites
Prof Gunther von Hagens' Body Worlds
www.koerperwelten.com/en.html
The artist-anatomist who creates sculptures using flayed corpses is showing in Manchester until 29 June 2008 at the Museum of Science & Industry.
Skinless wonders …
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4189090-102280,00.html
An in-depth interview with von Hagens, revealing his inspirations
and personal ethics.
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