'Biggest' atom-smasher to start up

Last Modified: 08 Sep 2008
Source: PA News

The most powerful atom-smasher ever built will come online on Wednesday, eagerly anticipated by scientists worldwide who have awaited this moment for two decades.

The multibillion Large Hadron Collider will explore the tiniest particles and come ever closer to re-enacting the Big Bang, the theory that a colossal explosion created the universe.

The machine at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, in Geneva, Switzerland, promises scientists a closer look at the make-up of matter, filling in gaps in knowledge or possibly reshaping theories.

The first beams of protons will be fired around the 17-mile tunnel to test the controlling strength of the world's largest superconducting magnets. It will still be about a month before beams travelling in opposite directions are brought together in collisions that some sceptics fear could create micro "black holes" and endanger the planet.

The project has attracted researchers of 80 nationalities, some 1,200 of them from the US, which contributed £295 million of the project's price tag of nearly £2.3 billion.

"This only happens once a generation," said Katie Yurkewicz, spokeswoman for the US contingent at the CERN project. "People are certainly very excited."

The collider at Fermilab outside Chicago could beat CERN to some discoveries, but the Geneva equipment, generating seven times more energy than Fermilab, will give it big advantages.

The CERN collider is designed to push the proton beam close to the speed of light, whizzing 11,000 times a second around the tunnel 150 to 500 feet under the bucolic countryside on the French-Swiss border.

Once the beam is successfully fired counterclockwise, a clockwise test will follow. Then the scientists will aim the beams at each other so that protons collide, shattering into fragments and releasing energy under the gaze of detectors filling cathedral-sized caverns at points along the tunnel.

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