Afghan fears over a Taliban deal

Afghanistan’s only female provincial governor has a dilemma. Habiba Sorabi knows that her poor but peaceful province of Bamiyan cannot develop unless fighting stops elsewhere in the country.

But as President Hamid Karzai moves towards negotiations with the Taliban, she fears that the rights of women and her minority Hazara people will be surrendered for a peace deal. “It’s always we women who have to make sacrifices,” she said.

Karzai proposed a “re-integration and reconciliation” programme, an attempt to accommodate the Taliban – which was greeted cautiously by the Americans.

In July, Hillary Clinton, the US secretary of state, William Hague, the foreign secretary, and 40 other foreign ministers, attended a conference in Kabul which discussed the possibility of a deal with the Taliban.

Karzai proposed a “re-integration and reconciliation” programme, an attempt to accommodate the Taliban – which was greeted cautiously by the Americans.

Hillary Clinton said at the conference they were “closely following” efforts to reintegrate insurgents, but that progress would depend on insurgents “renouncing violence and al-Qaida and agreeing to abide by the constitution and laws of Afghanistan.”

She also said she wanted to emphasize “the importance of President Karzai’s recent statement that the rights of women, Afghan ethnic groups, and civil society will not be sacrificed in pursuit of reintegration and reconciliation.”

Afghan aid
The UK will send an extra £200m of aid to Afghanistan over the next four years, International Development Secretary Andrew Mitchell will announce today. The 40 per cent boost in funds will go towards stabilising insecure areas and strengthening the Afghan government and economy - schemes which should help speed up the return of British troops, Mr Mitchell will say in Kabul ahead of a major international conference on the country's future.

But many Afghans in Bamiyan are sceptical and scared: They live under the massive empty rock niches where the 6th-century Bamiyan Buddhas stood until they were dynamited by the Taliban in 2001 for being un-Islamic. 

Under Taliban rule, hundreds of Hazaras - who make up about 70 per cent of Bamiyan's population - were massacred and tens of thousands fled. The Taliban, who are mainly Sunni Pashtuns from southern Afghanistan, despise Hazaras, who are Shia Muslims.

Fearful for beautiful Bamiyan's fate, blogs Lindsey Hilsum
The big picture is what strikes you first.

The huge, tawny-brown rock faces with gaping niches where the Bamiyan Buddhas stood until the Taliban destroyed them. The adjacent rows of caves like church windows overlooking dark green fields of potato plants with pinkish-white flowers. The towering mountains, some capped with snow in midsummer."

Then you start to look at the details. A toddler sitting by the open water course in town, dipping an aluminium cup and drinking. You know that water's polluted, you know he's at risk of dysentery or worse. The family walking through the fields at dawn, the little boy doing a zig-zag skip along the track. Three teenage girls in regulation white school headscarves, walking down a dirt road blowing bubblegum.

Bamiyan is at once the most developed and the least developed province in Afghanistan.

Read more on Lindsey Hilsum's blog

“Safety and peace in the country is important, but what kind of price do we want to pay?” said a former official. “Hazaras will be the first to be sacrificed. It’s not an issue of freedom but of survival.”

For the moment, Sorabi can go out and talk to people in her province whenever she wants, accompanied only by a handful of armed police. “I am lucky,” she says, “I can move freely.”

Just over 100 New Zealand soldiers staff a provincial reconstruction team, helping with development projects. But local people fear what will happen if the team leaves as planned next September.

“If they leave us even for just one day, people will come and destroy us. The Taliban will kill us,” said “Baba” Muhsini, 60, who fought the Russians in the 1980s. “To tell you the truth, we don’t believe Karzai,” he said. “He’s not trustworthy. He wants only Pashtuns to be in power.”

As a Karzai appointment, Sorabi is unwilling to criticise the president but she is well aware of the creeping menace of the Taliban just beyond Bamiyan’s borders. Traffic is often attacked in Baghlan province to the northeast. Foreigners are advised to fly, not drive, to the province.

At a security meeting in her office the governor, wearing her customary long skirt and jacket with a cream headscarf, presided over a gathering of 25 men, ranging from an American commander to local police chiefs.

Her greatest success, she said, after five years of lobbying, was finally getting road construction under way. The province has fewer than four miles of paved road, and what would be a three-hour journey to Kabul on tarmac can take eight hours or more.

She dreams of a museum, and 1,000 hotel beds near the cave complex where the Buddhas resided, but it is hard to see how Bamiyan can attract tourists if it is almost impossible to get there.

There are glimmers of hope. Although the Taliban destroyed the rock sculptures and defaced ancient cave paintings, a small group of Japanese conservationists is carefully restoring some of the art. Plans to reconstruct the giant Buddhas have not been agreed.

Women's rights under attack in Afghanistan
Women were promised greater protection after the invasion of Afghanistan, but Nima Elbagir finds an increasing number have forced to self-inflict injuries to escape abuse: "When the Taliban were still in power the liberation of Afghanistan's women was a cause celebre in the west - a moral justification for the invasion." Yet by the end of last year the United Nations was worriedly reporting that the number of violent incidents against women had risen to their highest since the fall of the Taliban.

Sorabi complains that aid has been concentrated on conflict-ridden provinces such as Helmand at the expense of Bamiyan, which still has no mains electricity. In Bamiyan town centre, children strap plastic jerry cans to donkeys to collect water from a spring. Bamiyan’s poverty reflects the lack of influence that Hazara politicians, including Sorabi, have in Kabul – a problem that would be exacerbated if the Taliban became part of central government.
Bamiyan is ahead of the rest of the country by one measure: girls’ education. In the last two years, school enrolment of girls has risen by a third. In some provinces 90 per cent of rural girls are not in school.

At Shirin Hazara school, just outside Bamiyan town, 52 young women were studying last week to be teachers.

“Girls of 18 or 19 aren’t allowed to study because the teachers are all men, so that’s why I want to be a teacher,” said one. Families in Bamiyan are reluctant to let their teenage girls study with male teachers, hence the urgent need to train girls to teach.

“Men think women can’t be teachers but we want to break this barrier; we want to tell them we’re human like them,” said Aqila, 18.

Despite being a governor, Sorabi has not been invited to the Kabul conference, but she knows what she would say to Hillary Clinton: “She shouldn’t forget Afghan women. When it comes to negotiations with the Taliban, this is very important – the rights of women shouldn’t be neglected.”

Under fire in Afghanistan, blogs Nick Paton Walsh

There was a big whoosh - somewhere between a jet engine and a cheap firework - and a little smoke over my head. And the gunner above me shouted loudly. I can't remember the expletive, but Jesus may have been involved.

Then there was a bang over to my left. A rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) had just missed the vehicle we were in by about a foot.

The gunner was a little surprised, but remarkably together. He shouted a bit about how he could see them and then the Sergeant sat in front of me ordered him to fire.

Read more on Nick Paton Walsh's blog