• To describe Mandela’s career as leader of the ANC
• To explain how and why apartheid generated such opposition and controversy
• To explain why Mandela decided that the ANC had to adopt violent methods of protest

These notes should help students to improve and develop their knowledge and understanding of such issues as:

• Life for non Whites under apartheid
• Why peaceful protest appeared to have no effect
• The combination of pressures which led to Mandela’s release and the eventual; end of apartheid