Main Focus

• How countries are interdependent within a global context.
• The reasons for the location, growth and nature of individual settlements.
• How changes in functions of settlements occur and how these changes affect different groups of people.
• Different types and patterns of urban land use, how conflicts can arise over the use of land, and how they can be addressed.
• How the distribution of economic activity has changed and is changing, and the effects of such changes.
• Ways of identifying differences in development.
• Differences in development and their effect on the quality of life of different groups of people.
• How the interdependence of countries influences development.

Secondary Focus

• Geographical questions such as: What is it? Where is it? What is it like? How did it get like this? How is it changing? Why? What are the implications?
• Geographical patterns, and physical and human processes.
• Issues that arise from people’s interaction with their environments.
• Ways in which the degree of development of a country may be judged.
• The global distribution of population.
• The causes and effects of changes in the population sizes of regions and countries.
• How population and resources are interrelated.
• The causes and effects of migration.
• The geographical distribution of an economic activity.

Main Focus

• Develop awareness of the ways in which people interact with their environments, and appreciate the opportunities, challenges and constraints that face people in different places.

Secondary Focus

• Acquire knowledge and understanding of a range of places, environments, spatial patterns and distributions at a range of scales from local to global, and understand the physical and human processes which affect their development.
• Appreciate that the study of geography is dynamic, not only because geographical features and patterns change but also because new ideas and methods lead to new interpretations.
• Understand the significance and effects of the different ways in which decisions are made about the use and management of environments.

• The Challenge of Urban Environments: patterns and processes of urban growth; patterns of land use; dynamism in urban areas; migration; the challenge of change in urban environments.
• Managing Natural Environments: leisure and the environment; industry and the environment.
• The Impact of Economic Change: what economic change is; changes in the location of economic activity; economic growth and decline.

Intermediate Geography

• People and the Environment (Global Issues): development and health; environmental hazards.

Higher Geography

• Population geography: population data; migration.
• Rural geography: land use data.
• Industrial geography: old and new industries; employment surveys.
• Applications: rural land resources; rural land degradation; urban change and its management; development and health.