| YEAR | MONARCH | HISTORICAL EVENTS | YORK |
| 55 BC | Julius Caesar invades Britain | ||
| 43 AD | Claudius invades Britain | ||
| AD 71 | Eboracum The Roman 9th Legion marches from Lincoln and establishes a defensive settlement they call Eboracum, between the rivers Foss and Ouse |
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| c 81 | Agricola refurbishes York defences | ||
| c 100 | Legionary fortress built in stone | ||
| c 122 | 9th Legion replaced by 6th Legion | ||
| 209 | Emperor Septimius Severus arrives at York with wife and sons; stays until his death in 211 York raised to colonia status |
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| 296 | Constantius, deputy western emperor, invades Britain and begins the rebuilding of York | ||
| c 300 | Fortress massively rebuilt as Romans' chief military headquarters | ||
| 306 | Constantius dies at York; army there proclaims his son Constantine (later Constantine the Great) as emperor | ||
| c 400 | Most of the Roman garrison is withdrawn to the Continent | ||
| 410 | Romans abandon Britain | ||
| c 490 | Eoforwic Germanic settlers arrive in York; rename the town Eoforwic |
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| 601 | Pope Gregory chooses York as the centre of Christianity in the north of England | ||
| 627 | Edwin, king of Northumbria, is baptised by Paulinus in a new wooden church at York (later to become the Minster) | ||
| 664 | York becomes a bishopric | ||
| 665 | Future St Wilfrid appointed bishop of York | ||
| 735 | York becomes an archbishopric; Egbert becomes first archbishop and founds great cathedral school | ||
| 741 | Minster destroyed by fire; rebuilding begins | ||
| c 750 | Anglo-Saxon scholar Alcuin is educated at York's cathedral school | ||
| 768 | Alcuin begins to teach theology at York | ||
| 778 | Church of Holy Wisdom, built for Archbishop Aethelberht, is begun | ||
| 780 |  Coppergate helmet is made |
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| 866 | Viking 'Great Army' takes York | ||
| c 875 | Jorvik Viking leader Halfdan establishes kingdom in the north of England, with centre based at York, now named Jorvik |
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| 877 | Halfdan, king of York, killed at the battle of Strangford Lough by forces under Baraidh, a Norse leader in Ireland | ||
| c 900 | Vikings upgrade Northumbrian silver coinage | ||
| 919 | Ragnald, a Viking from Ireland, seizes York and makes himself king of Northumbria (dies 921) | ||
| 927 | Athelstan of Wessex | English king Athelstan captures the city, seizes treasures and destroys Viking fortifications | |
| 939 | Edmund I | Olaf Guthfrithsson and his Irish Norsemen take York Olaf Guthrieson penny |
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| 941 | Olaf Guthfrithsson, king of York, dies and is succeeded by Olaf Sihtricsson | ||
| 944 | Edmund of Wessex takes York | ||
| 946 | Eadred | ||
| 947 | Archbishop Wulfstan of York invites Eric Bloodaxe, deposed king of Norway, to be king of York | ||
| 948 | Ravaging of Northumbria by Eadred of Wessex forces the exile of Eric Bloodaxe | ||
| 949 | Olaf Sihtricsson, now king of Dublin, becomes king of York | ||
| 952 | Archbishop Wulfstan imprisoned by Eadred; Eric Bloodaxe restored as king of York | ||
| 954 | Eric Bloodaxe is expelled and later murdered | ||
| 955 | Eadwig | ||
| 959 | Edgar I | ||
| 975 | Edward 'The Martyr' | ||
| 978 | Ethelred 'The Unready' | ||
| 1013 | Swein Forkbeard | Danes conquer England | |
| 1014 | Ethelred 'The Unready' | Wulfstan, archbishop of York, writes 'Sermo Lupi ad Anglos' ('An Address to the English Nation') | |
| 1016 | Edmund II Ironsides (Apr) Cnut (Nov) |
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| 1023 | Archbishop Wulfstan writes 'Homilies' (in Old English) | ||
| 1037 | Harold I 'Harefoot' | ||
| 1040 | Harthacnut | ||
| 1042 | Edward 'The Confessor' | ||
| 1055 | Earl Siward dies and is buried in a church on the site of the present St Olave, Marygate | ||
| 1066 | Harold II 'Godwinson' (Jan) William I of Normandy (Dec) |
Norman Conquest | Invading Norwegian king Harald Hardraada wins first battle of campaign at Fulford, now a York suburb 10,000-15,000 people live in Jorvik (York) |
| 1068 | York surrenders to William the Conqueror, who builds a castle there | ||
| 1069 | York rebels against William who, in turn, plunders it and builds a second castle Anglo-Danish uprising and invasion of York; Norman garrison burns much of the city (including the Anglo-Scandinavian cathedral) but are defeated by the Danes, who destroy the castles; they retreat when William returns; he spends Christmas in the city |
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| 1070 | York Vikings leave England; Jorvik gradually becomes York |
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| 1072 | Council of the English Church affirms primacy of Canterbury over York | ||
| 1080 | York Cathedral begun | ||
| 1086 | Domesday Book lists eight churches plus the Minster | ||
| 1087 | William II 'Rufus' | ||
| 1100 | Henry I | ||
| 1126 | Sees of Canterbury and York declared equal | ||
| 1130 | Prosperous townspeople form themselves into a trading guild | ||
| 1135 | Stephen of Blois | ||
| 1141 | Future St William of York is appointed archbishop | ||
| 1148 | Archbishop William, in disgrace, is removed from office | ||
| 1154 | Henry II | Reinstated, Archbishop William returns to York; after crossing the Ouse bridge, it collapses, spilling townspeople into the river; William makes sign of cross and all are saved; William himself is dead within the month, possibly poisoned at Mass | |
| 1189 | Richard I | ||
| 1190 | 150 Jews besieged in York Castle by mob; most kill themselves and survivors are murdered; York is punished by a fine | ||
| 1199 | John | ||
| 1202 | Gilbertine priory of St Andrew established | ||
| 1213 | York citizens buy themselves the rights to self-government | ||
| 1216 | Henry III | ||
| 1220 | Jewish community flourishes (until 1260) | ||
| 1223 | Sweet-smelling oil flows from Archbishop William's tomb in York Minster | ||
| 1227 | Archbishop William is canonised and a shrine to him erected at York | ||
| 1230 | Present Minster building begun | ||
| 1237 | Treaty of York: Anglo-Scottish border agreed between Henry III of England and Alexander II of Scotland | ||
| 1250 | Henry III orders that York Castle be rebuilt in stone; the town follows suit by beginning to rebuild the city walls in stone | ||
| 1272 | Edward I | ||
| 1291 | Nave of York Minster begun | ||
| 1298 | Edward I moves administration to York before invading Scotland | ||
| c 1300 | York Mystery Plays begin to be performed | ||
| 1312 | Edward II | Edward II moves government to York and prepares to fight barons led by earl of Lancaster | |
| 1319 | Scottish raiding party heads for York to attack Queen Isabella, but she escapes | ||
| 1322 | Edward II holds Parliament at York | ||
| 1327 | Edward III | ||
| 1332 | Edward III moves administration to York | ||
| 1340-1453 | Hundred Years' War | c. 1340 Minster chapter house built | |
| 1348-9 | Black Death | ||
| c 1350 | Hull overtakes York as a port | ||
| c 1357 | Merchant Adventurers' Hall, Fossgate, built | ||
| 1377 | Richard II | ||
| 1399 | Henry IV | ||
| 1400 | Minster choir completed | ||
| 1405 | Richard Scrope, archbishop of York, leads revolt of North against Henry IV; rebellion collapses and Scrope and other rebels are executed outside the city | ||
| 1408 | John Thornton of Coventry finishes east window of York Minster, largest medieval window in England | ||
| 1413 | Henry V | ||
| 1422 | Henry VI | ||
| 1428 | Taxation return estimates 39 churches in York | ||
| 1448 | Guildhall built by city and Guild of St Christopher and St George | ||
| 1450 | St Anthony's Hall, Peasholme Green, built | ||
| 1455-85 | Wars of the Roses | ||
| 1461 | Edward IV | ||
| 1471 | Battle of Tewkesbury | ||
| 1472 | Rebuilding of York Minster, from Norman church, is completed with erection of twin towers and lantern tower | ||
| c 1475 | York goes into decline | ||
| 1483 | Edward V (April) Richard III (June) |
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| 1484 | Richard III establishes Council of North in York | ||
| 1485 | Henry VII | ||
| 1486 | Extravagant pageant mounted to welcome Henry VII | ||
| 1509 | Henry VIII | ||
| 1530 | Cardinal Wolsey arrested at York on order of Henry VIII | ||
| 1536-9 | Dissolution of the monasteries | ||
| 1536 | Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries leads to destruction of many buildings in York Pilgrimage of Grace uprising in the North against dissolution and religious innovations: rebels who have captured York are promised pardon |
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| 1537 | Robert Aske, leader of Pilgrimage of Grace, is executed at York | ||
| 1539 | York becomes seat of the King's Council in the Northern Parts, based at the King's Manor | ||
| 1541 | Henry VIII goes 'on progress' to York | ||
| 1547 | Edward VI | City corporation decides to shut several parish churches; eventually 15 parishes are amalgamated | |
| 1551 | Norman tower of Holy Trinity, Micklegate, collapses during a great storm | ||
| 1553 | Jane (July) Mary I (July) |
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| 1558 | Elizabeth I | ||
| 1568 | Conference of York, an Anglo-Scottish enquiry into Mary Queen of Scots' alleged complicity in Darnley's murder | ||
| 1569 | Last performances of York Mystery Plays for almost 400 years | ||
| 1586 | Butcher's wife Margaret Clitherow, of The Shambles, crushed to death for harbouring Catholic priests | ||
| 1588 | Spanish Armada | ||
| 1603 | James I | ||
| 1605 | Gunpowder Plot | ||
| 1609 | Mary Ward founds Catholic Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary | ||
| 1625 | Charles I (executed 1649) | ||
| 1630 | City population is 12,000 | ||
| 1640 | Charles opens abortive Great Council of Peers at York | ||
| 1641-6 | English Civil War | ||
| 1642 | Charles I makes York his capital for six months | ||
| 1644 | City is besieged, bombarded and captured by Parliamentarians | ||
| 1649 | England proclaimed a Commonwealth | ||
| LORD PROTECTORS | |||
| 1653 | Oliver Cromwell | ||
| 1658 | Richard Cromwell | ||
| MONARCHS | |||
| 1660 | Charles II | Restoration | |
| 1665-6 | Great Plague | ||
| 1672 | Steeple of St Margaret, Walmgate, collapses | ||
| 1684 | John Nevison, highwayman and crime 'king' of West Riding, hanged for murder at York | ||
| 1685 | James II | Monmouth's Rebellion | |
| 1688 | Royal garrison withdrawn | ||
| 1689 | William III & Mary II | ||
| 1702 | Anne | ||
| 1714 | George I | ||
| 1727 | George II | ||
| 1731 | Richard, Earl of Burlington designs Assembly Rooms | ||
| 1739 | Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York for murder | ||
| 1745-7 | Jacobite Rebellion | ||
| 1756-63 | Seven Years' War | ||
| 1760 | George III | ||
| 1762 | Fairfax House built | ||
| 1792 | William Tuke at the York Retreat reforms the treatment of the mentally ill | ||
| 1801 | General Enclosure Act | City population is 17,000 | |
| 1803-15 | Napoleonic Wars | ||
| Slave trade abolished | |||
| 1820 | George IV | ||
| 1821 | City population is 19,000 | ||
| 1828 | Local linen-draper George Hudson invests legacy of £30,000 in North Midland Railway and enters politics, so ensuring that York becomes an important railway centre | ||
| 1830 | William IV | ||
| 1837 | Victoria | ||
| 1839 | First railway station is built | ||
| 1845 | First new bridge over the Ouse, Scarborough Bridge, is built | ||
| 1851 | City population is almost 40,000 | ||
| 1854-6 | Crimean War | ||
| 1861-5 | American Civil War | ||
| 1867 | 2nd Reform Act enfranchises virtually all men in towns & extends franchise in country but excludes poorer agricultural labourers | ||
| 1869 | Joseph Rowntree and his brother Henry open first cocoa factory | ||
| 1878 | City Art Gallery opens | ||
| 1884 | 3rd Reform Act: uniform male suffrage in town & country; some 2 million farm workers get vote | ||
| 1899-1902 | Boer War | ||
| 1900 | City population is nearly 70,000 | ||
| 1901 | Edward VII | Seebohm Rowntree publishes Poverty: a study of town life, a sociological study of York | |
| 1910 | George V | ||
| 1914-18 | World War I | ||
| 1918 | Women win right to vote (at 30). School-leaving age raised to 14 |
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| 1936 | Edward VIII (January) | ||
| George VI (December) | |||
| 1939-45 | World War II | ||
| 1941 | Seebohm Rowntree publishes Poverty and Progress: a second social survey of York | ||
| 1942 | 'Baedeker' air-raid by Germans on York; Guildhall seriously damaged | ||
| 1951 | York Mystery Plays revived | ||
| 1952 | Elizabeth II | ||
| 1960 | Guildhall restored | ||
| 1963 | University of York founded | ||
| 1967 | Restoration of Minster begun | ||
| 1969 | First tourist officer employed | ||
| 1972 | York Archaeological Trust created | ||
| 1975 | National Railway Museum opens | ||
| 1976 | Excavations at Coppergate begun | ||
| 1984 | Lightning strikes Minster three days after consecration there of controversial David Jenkins as bishop of Durham; Minster's rose window and other treasures damaged in fire that destroys south transept | ||
| 1987 | Restoration of Barley Hall begun |
