Websites
This website contains links to other websites which are
not under the control of and are not maintained by Channel 4 Television.
Channel 4 Television is not responsible for the content of these sites
and does not necessarily endorse the material on them.
Early Television Foundation and Museum
www.earlytelevision.org
Comprehensive history site consisting of links to articles, stories,
and other information about the history of early television, including
the technology and content of television in Germany under the Third Reich.
Envisioning the Audience: Perceptions of early German television's
audiences, 1935-1944
http://comcom.uvt.nl/e-view/99-1/uric.htm
Comprehensive
article that traces the relationship between reception and the audience
in the context of early German television.
German Television
www.antiqueradios.com/features/germantv.shtml
US
article from 1935, extolling the virtues of German television technology.
German Propaganda Archive
www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/index.htm
Aims
to help people understand totalitarian systems of the 20th century by
looking at Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. Includes both
propaganda itself and material produced for the guidance of propagandists.
Nazi Propaganda by Josef Goebbels
www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/goebmain.htm
Collection
of English translations of Goebbels’ Nazi propaganda material including
many of his weekly articles for Das Reich, as well as a range of
his speeches.
The Nazi Olympics
www.ushmm.org/olympics/index.html
Online
version of a US Holocaust Memorial Museum exhibition, from July 1996 to
1997. Images and audio from the 1936 Olympic Games, during which Hitler
attempted to impress on the world an image of Nazi Germany as a peaceful,
tolerant state.
Film as a weapon
www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/hippler1.htm
Article originally published in the Nazi monthly for propagandists,
written by the maker of The Eternal Jew, the most notorious of
the Nazi anti-Semitic films. Published on the internet as part of Calvin
College’s German Propaganda Archive.
Internet Movie Database: Riefenstahl
www.websteruniv.edu/%7Ebarrettb/riefenstahl.htm
Fairly comprehensive biography and filmography of the actor,
dancer, director, cinematographer, and still photographer. Despite protests
to the contrary, Riefenstahl was considered an intricate part of the Nazi
propaganda machine due to her work The Triumph of the Will, a documentary
about Adolf Hitler.
Internet Resources: Leni Riefenstahl
www.websteruniv.edu/~barrettb/riefenstahl2a.htm
Good
links to articles, biographies and images.
Adbusters
www.adbusters.org
Website of the Media Foundation and its Adbusters
magazine. Both are concerned about the erosion of the physical and cultural
environment by commercial forces. Much of their work seeks to subvert
or show the hidden meanings embedded in the advertising campaigns of large
corporations.
The Hidden Persuader
www.salon.com/media/media961217.html
Informative article reviewing the life and work of the sociologist
often (incorrectly) attributed with inventing the term ‘subliminal
advertising’.
Urban Legends Reference Pages
www.snopes2.com
A search for subliminal advertising in these pages retrieves a concise
but informative history of the origins of the term. Also provides examples,
both genuine and unsubstantiated, of the genre.
Books
Early Television Historic Guide by Sterling (Taylor & Francis,
1997) £77
Surveys the development of early mechanical and later electronic means
of television, from its theoretical inception in the late 1800s through
market experiments prior to WWII.
Propaganda and the German Cinema 1933-1945 by David Welch
(IB Tauris, 2000) £14.95
Comprehensive analysis of Nazi film propaganda in its political, social
and economic contexts. Aims to reveal those aspects of Nazi ideology that
were concealed in the framework of popular entertainment in over 100 films.
The Hitler Myth: Image and reality in the Third Reich by
Ian Kershaw (Oxford University Press, 2001) £9.99
Kershaw shows how Hitler's public image welded together antagonistic forces
within the Nazi state, mobilised the nation for war, and contributed to
the ethos that animated systematic and genocidal violence.
Nazi Wireless Propaganda by Martin Doherty (Edinburgh University
Press, 2000) £16.95
Analyses the Nazis' radio effort against the United Kingdom during World
War II.
Leni Riefenstahl: Five lives by Angelika Taschen (Benedikt Taschen
Verlag, 2000) £24.99
Traces the fascinating and controversial life and work of the famous German
photographer/filmmaker.
Leni Riefenstahl: A memoir by Leni Riefenstahl
(St Martin’s Press, 1995) US edition only, available through online
bookshops.
Autobiography of the German photographer and filmmaker.
Mythologies by Roland Barthes (Vintage, 1993) £5.99
A series of essays in which the author seeks to demystify the signs, signals,
gestures and messages through which Western society sustains, sells, identifies
and yet obscures itself.
The Consumer Society by Jean Baudrillard (Sage Publications
Ltd, 1998) £18.99
Focuses on the process and meaning of consumption in contemporary
culture.
Advertising Today by Warren Berger (Phaidon Press,
June 2001) £45
Thematic overview of the evolution of advertising around the world over
the past thirty years.
No Logo by Naomi Klein (Flamingo, January 2001) £8.99
Klein demonstrates how brands have become ubiquitous, not just in media
and on the street but increasingly in schools as well. The global companies
claim to support diversity but their version of corporate multiculturalism
is merely intended to create more buying options for consumers.
The Age of Manipulation: The con in confidence, the sin in sincere
by Wilson B. Key and Bruce R Ledford (Madison Books, 1993) £13.95
Aims to expose the devious and sophisticated strategies that advertisers
use in newspapers, magazines, and television to manipulate and seduce
our thoughts and senses.
Films
Triumph of the Will (1934)
Directed by Leni Riefenstahl
A legendary propaganda/documentary of the Third Reich's 1934 Nuremberg
Party Rally. Features a cast of thousands as well as Hitler, Himmler,
Goebbels, Hess, Goering and other top party officials.
The Olympiad (1938)
Directed by Leni Riefenstahl
In this record of the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the human body is eroticised
in a paean to physical beauty that suggests how compatible fetishism and
fascism can be.
Münchhausen (1943)
Directed by Josef von Baky
Spectacular film fantasy based on the exploits of the fictional Baron
Münchhausen, this escapist extravaganza was commissioned by the Nazi
propaganda Minister, Josef Goebbels.
Power of the Image: Leni Riefenstahl (1993)
Directed by Ray Müller
Documentary about the life and work of Leni Riefenstahl, a German film
director notorious and reviled for making the most effective propaganda
films for the Nazis.
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