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The Real Mussolini

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Websites

Benito Mussolini Military Dictator
www.who2.com/benitomussolini.html
Biography of Mussolini, with images and links.

Biography of Benito Mussolini
www.euronet.nl/users/wilfried/ww2/mussolin.htm
A sketch of the life of Mussolini.

What is Fascism?
www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html
Mussolini's own definition of his political philosophy, written for the 1932 Italian Encyclopedia.

Fascism & Mussolini
http://casahistoria.net/Fascism.html
Portal site with extremely well-annotated links for sites on fascism in general, Italian Fascism, historical interpretations, futurism, biographies of Mussolini, Fascist Italy, and the end of Mussolini.

Italian Life under Fascism

www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/dpf/Fascism/Home.html
University of Wisconsin exhibition of items illustrating daily life under Fascism in Italy.

Books

Benito Mussolini: The rise and fall of Il Duce by Christopher Hibbert (Penguin, 1975). Out of print.
A readable and vivid account of the life and times of Mussolini by a popular historian.

Mussolini by Denis Mack Smith (Phoenix, 1994) £12.99
An incisive and academically respected study of the character and politics of Mussolini by one of the foremost experts in Italian history.

My Truth by Edda Mussolini Ciano (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975). Out of print.
Autobiography of Mussolini's daughter and the widow of his Foreign Minister; gossipy but interesting.

Italy: Liberalism and Fascism 1870-1945 by Mark Robson (Hodder and Stoughton Educational, 2000) £6.99
A comprehensive account of the rise and fall of Mussolini's regime. Good coverage of the attraction of Fascism for different sectors of Italian society, and of the regime's attitude to women, culture and propaganda.

Fascism and the Right in Europe 1919-45 by Martin Blinkhorn (Longman, 2000) £11.99
Explores the relationship of Italian Fascism to other forms of right wing authoritarianism, including German Nazism.

The Rise of Fascism by F L Carsten (University of California Press, 1980) £13.95
Classic study of the origins of Fascism in Europe, which vividly depicts the mass rallies, emotional speeches and street clashes which attended its growth.

All or Nothing: The Axis and the Holocaust by Jonathan Steinberg (Routledge, 1992) £14.99
A study of Nazi and Fascist racial laws, showing their superficial similarities and vastly different results.

A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and politics 1943-88 by Paul Ginsborg (Penguin, 1990) £7.99
Written by a fine scholar of Italian history, this book covers the war years and the entire post-war period with its legacy of Fascism.

The Conformist by Alberto Moravia (Prion, 1999) £6.99
Written in 1951, this is a fictional account of Marcello Clerici, whose life becomes entangled with that of the Fascists. Brilliant portrait of the psychology of Fascism which was made into a film by Bernardo Bertolucci in 1969.

Fontamara by Ignazio Silone (Redwords, 1994) £6.50
Written in 1933, this is a fictional account of Fascist brutality against a village of peasants, who rise up against their oppressors. Because of his stand against Fascism, Silone was forced into exile.

Christ Stopped at Eboli by Carlo Levi (Penguin, 2000) £7.99
Part diary, part novel, an account of daily life in a remote part of Italy during the Fascist years. Levy was another exile and the book is based on his experiences.

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