Firemaking
From the charcoal and ash spreads, plus the numerous charred animal bones at Neanderthal sites, scientists believe that Neanderthals had learned how to make and control fire.

There is no direct evidence for how they would have made fire, but the most likely method is one utilized by other early humans - rubbing sticks together.

A suitable piece of wood is chosen and a hole cut into it
To make a fire a smooth shaft of dry wood, the drill, is rotated quickly in the hole.
The combination of the quick rotation and downward pressure from the drill, creates friction between the two pieces of wood. The friction creates heat, causing both pieces of wood to slowly crumble into a charred powder.
This powder is extremely hot - and eventually forms a glowing ember. This is added to dry tinder.
Blowing on the tinder produces a flame that then can be used to ignite a much larger fire.
In Ice Age Europe, fire would have been critical to their survival.