Europe had been under the shadow of the War of the Spanish Succession since 1701. By 1711, the British monarch Anne and her Tory ministry were all for ending the conflict by making a unilateral peace with France. Secret negotiations were opened and – after 12 years of warfare – agreement quickly reached. To Britain's allies – Austria, the Netherlands and the German princes, including the elector of Hanover – this was a gross betrayal.
Peace between Britain and France was formally agreed at Utrecht in the Netherlands in 1713. Louis XIV's grandson Philippe, duc d'Anjou – who became Philip V of Spain – would retain Spain and its American empire but renounce any future right to France. England would be granted a huge exclusive commercial concession in the Spanish empire, including a 30-year monopoly on the slave trade. There were also agreements on which parts of North America were to be owned by Britain and which by France.
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 Selected Articles from the Treaty of Utrecht 1713
www.jacobite.ca/documents/1713utrecht.ht
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Two treaties were signed at Utrecht in 1713, securing peace between the Princess Anne of Denmark (acting for Great Britain) on the one side, and on the other Louis XIV of France and Philip V of Spain. These selected articles are taken from the first of these treaties.
The Treaty of Utrecht
www.porttoulouse.com/html/the_treaty_of_
utrecht.html
A discussion of the way parts of Canada were distributed between France and Britain, including the relevant clauses of the treaty.
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