Websites
Channel 4 is not responsible for the content of third-party sites.
- General guides
- Documents and related material
- Origins
- Survivors
- Gypsies
- Homosexuals
- Nuremberg trials
- Tokyo trials
- Effects on international law
- Restitution and compensation
- Controversy
- Genocide remembrance and prevention
General guides
The History Place: World War II in Europe
www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/
History website with a huge section on Hitler, the Nazis and the Holocaust.
The Holocaust Chronicle
www.holocaustchronicle.org/index.html
A website containing the entire contents of the book The Holocaust Chronicle, published in 2000.
Holocaust Glossary
www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/holocaust/glossary.htm
Good explanations of terms relating to the Holocaust.
The Holocaust History Project
www.holocaust-history.org
A free archive of documents, photos, recordings and essays about the Holocaust. Has comprehensive FAQs, including a question-and-answer e-mail service, plus eyewitness accounts and family history. It includes a pamphlet called 'Who Is David Irving?' about 'David Irving and his lies'.
The Holocaust/Shoah Page
www.mtsu.edu/~baustin/holo.html
Part of the Middle Tennessee State University website, which contains articles, links and resources on the Holocaust.
Jewish Virtual Library
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
Hosted by the American-Israeli Co-operative Enterprise, this website offers a vast range of texts on every aspect of Jewish history. It includes a 'Holocaust Wing'.
The Nizkor Project
http://www.nizkor.org/
Huge site documenting the evidence and history of the Holocaust.
A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust
http://fcit.usf.edu/Holocaust/timeline/timeline.htm
An overview of the people and events of the Holocaust through photographs, documents, art, music, films and literature. Includes timelines of different aspects of the Holocaust.
US Holocaust Memorial Museum
www.ushmm.org
A huge website, full of information and with resources in a range of media.
World War II Multimedia database
www.worldwar2database.com/html/holocaust.htm
An excellent resource in words, images and video.
Yad Vashem
www.yadvashem.org/
Website of the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority in Jerusalem, which documents and maintains archives of the history of the Jewish people during the Holocaust period. Includes research, resources, eyewitness accounts and information about commemoration events.
Documents and related material
America and the Holocaust: Primary sources
www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/holocaust/filmmore/
reference/primary/index.html
Reproductions of documents to do with the Allies' knowledge of and attitude towards the extermination camps. Ten of the documents have to do with the possible bombing of Auschwitz, and one comprises extracts from a report of the US bombing of the I G Farben factory that was part of the camp.
Captured German records microfilmed in Berlin, Germany
www.archives.gov/research/captured-german-records/
foreign-records-seized.html#berlin
Part of the website of the US National Archives and Records Administration, which holds a list of Ahnenerbe documents (Group T-580), including Wolfram Sievers' diary 1941–5.
The Second World War Experience Centre
www.war-experience.org
Website that aims to collect, document, preserve, exhibit and encourage access to the surviving material evidence and associated information of the men and women who participated in the war in whatever capacity whether military, civilian or conscientious objector. Has an excellent section on the Warsaw Ghetto.
Origins
Ahnenerbe-SS
www.russianbooks.org/montsegur/ahnenerbe.htm
Long fascinating article about the Nazis' Ancestral Heritage Research and Teaching Society.
German Propaganda Archive
www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/index.htm
Aims to help people understand totalitarian systems of the 20th century by looking at Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. Includes both propaganda itself and material produced for the guidance of propagandists.
The Nazi Connection with Shambhala and Tibet
www.berzinarchives.com/kalachakra/
nazi_connection_shambhala_tibet.html
Part of the Berzin Archives: 'a free multilingual tool for learning about the four Tibetan Buddhist traditions and about Central Asian history and culture'. Contains a discussion of the background to the Ahnenerbe, the Nazis' expedition to Tibet and the theories advanced by Trevor Ravenscroft in Spear of Destiny.
Wewelsburg Castle
www.wwiirelics.com/wevelsburg.htm
Information about and photographs of the castle, which now contains a museum dedicated to the Nazi period, when the site contained not only Himmler's cult centre but also Germany's smallest concentration camp.
Survivors
Holocaust Memorial Day: Survivor stories
www.hmd.org.uk/resources/cat/3/
The testimonies of 17 survivors of genocide, 11 from World War II, three from the 'killing fields' of Cambodia in the 1970s and three from the Rwandan massacres of 1994. Only part of each story is available on the website, but the rest can be downloaded as a PDF.
USC Shoah Foundation Institute
www.usc.edu/schools/college/vhi/
Steven Spielberg-initiated project, recording unedited testimonies of liberators, rescuers and other eyewitnesses of the Holocaust, and survivor testimonies from 47,803 Jews, 206 Gypsies, 82 Jehovah's Witnesses and 6 homosexuals. NB: The site is not very easy to use.
Gypsies
Patrin: Romani Culture and History
www.geocities.com/~patrin/
A learning resource and information centre about Romani (Gypsy) culture, social issues, and current events.
Genocide of the Roma in the Holocaust
www.geocities.com/~patrin/genocide.htm
Article by Professor Ian Hancock about the treatment of the Gypsies during the Holocaust and the subsequent Nuremberg trials.
Historical Amnesia: The Romani Holocaust
http://blogcritics.org/2006/09/06/120215.php
Fascinating article by C R Sridhar, dated 6 September 2006, which seeks to tell the story of how some 80% of the Gypsy population of Nazi-occupied Europe perished and how their plight has met with indifference ever since.
Jewish Virtual Library: Gypsies in the Holocaust
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/
gypsies.html
A good summary of what happened to the Roma under the Nazis.
Homosexuals
The History of the Gay Male and Lesbian Experience during World War II
www.pink-triangle.org/
General history of the persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany.
'One Day They Were Simply Gone': The Nazi persecution of homosexuals
www.rictornorton.co.uk/nazi.htm
Excellent essay by Rictor Norton, originally published in Gay News.
Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals 1933-1945
www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/hsx/
Extensive online exhibition on the US Holocaust Memorial Museum website.
Nuremberg trials
Holocaust trials and historical representation
www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?
path=122091071198412
Review of Donald Bloxham's 2003 book Genocide of Trial: War crime trials and the formation of Holocaust history and memory, on the impact of the Nuremberg trials on Holocaust historiography.
Nuremberg Trials 1945–1949
www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/
nuremberg/nuremberg.htm
An outline of the trials and the issues they raised.
Tokyo trials
Tokyo War Crimes Trials
www.cnd.org/mirror/nanjing/NMTT.html
An outline of the Tokyo trials, including the indictments and verdicts.
Effects on international law
The Geneva Conventions: The core of international humanitarian law
www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/
genevaconventions
Section of the International Committee of the Red Cross website with links to the complete versions of the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols, plus very clear explanations of the main points and implications.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
Website celebrating the 50th anniversary in 1998, offering the full text of the declaration.
Restitution and compensation
Commission for Looted Art in Europe
www.lootedartcommission.com
CLAE is the expert representative body in Europe dealing with all matters relating to Nazi looted art and other cultural property.
German Forced Labour Compensation Programme
www.compensation-for-forced-labour.org
Website run by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), which processes claims for payment relating to slave labour, forced labour, personal injury or death of a child lodged in a home for children of slave or forced labourers, or relating to property loss.
Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation (Swiss Banks) CV-96-4849
www.swissbankclaims.com
Official information website for the organisation that proposes a $1.25 billion settlement of a class action lawsuit against private Swiss banks and other Swiss entities for their alleged conduct related to World War II and the Holocaust.
Controversy
Could the Allies Have Bombed Auschwitz–Birkenau?
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/bombau.html
Article by Mitchell Bard that examines the different views on the subject.
If the Nuremberg laws were applied ...
www.chomsky.info/talks/1990----.htm
Lecture delivered by Professor Noam Chomsky on unpunished post-war American violations of the precedents established in the Nuremberg trials.
Norman Finkelstein
www.normanfinkelstein.com
Where you can learn more about the man himself, his book The Holocaust Industry and related issues.
Genocide remembrance and prevention
Aegis
www.aegistrust.org
Founded in 2000, the Aegis Trust campaigns to prevent genocide worldwide. Its activities include: research, policy, education, remembrance, awareness of genocide issues in the media and humanitarian support for victims of genocide.
Anti-Defamation League
www.adl.org
Aims to fight anti-Semitism and bigotry in the US and abroad and serve as a public resource for government, media, law-enforcement agencies and the public.
Center for Holocaust and Humanity Education
www.holocaustandhumanity.org/chhe_passover.html
Imaginative website of an organisation dedicated to teaching the Holocaust to promote tolerance and diversity.
European Roma Rights Center
www.errc.org
Includes documents on the plight of the Roma community in Kosovo and throughout Europe with up-to-date case reports and analysis. The site also offers information about grant programmes, with links to Roma, Gypsy and traveller organisations.
Holocaust Educational Trust
www.het.org.uk
HET raises public awareness of the Holocaust and related issues both in the UK and internationally. It conducts and supports research on the Holocaust and provides teaching resources for secondary schools.
Holocaust Memorial Day
www.hmd.org.uk
The UK's official site for Holocaust Memorial Day (27 January), with background information on its aims and objectives and community activities plus educational material and useful links.
Prevent Genocide International
www.preventgenocide.org
Educational organisation that aims to bring about the elimination of the crime of genocide, making particular use of the internet to link people around the world in a network of global civic engagement and action.
Searchlight
www.searchlightmagazine.com
Website of the London-based Searchlight, the international anti-Fascist magazine, it contains news, back issues, an archive and extracts from editorials about many aspects of racism and Fascism, both contemporary and historical.
Simon Wiesenthal Center
www.wiesenthal.org
An international Jewish human rights organisation that aims to preserve the memory of the Holocaust by fostering tolerance and understanding through community involvement, educational outreach and social action. The Center's headquarters are in Los Angeles and there are offices in New York, Toronto, Miami, Jerusalem, Paris and Buenos Aires.