Elizabeth's Pirates
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Elizabeth | The
Spanish Armada | The pirates
Websites
Elizabeth I 1533-1603
www.luminarium.org/renlit/eliza.htm
Comprehensive biography with speeches, letters and a timeline.
The Life and Times
of Queen Elizabeth I
www.elizabethi.org
Enthusiast's website that contains a great deal of good information
on the queen and the culture of the time.
Modern History
Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1588elizabeth.html
Has Elizabeth I's speech at Tilbury as she gathered her troops to
fight against the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Books
Big Chief Elizabeth:
How England's adventurers gambled and won the New World by Giles Milton
(Sceptre, 2001) £6.99
The author, a contributor to the Channel 4 documentary Elizabeth's
Pirates, vividly evokes the courage and hardships of the 16th-century
English colonists, with first-hand accounts of the mystery surrounding
the first English settlements.
Elizabeth, the
Queen by Alison Weir (Pimlico, 1999) £9.99
Looks at the private life of Elizabeth I, portrayed as both a woman and
a queen, an extraordinary female in a patriarchal age. Elizabeth's dealings
with her family and her long affair with Robert Dudley are also examined.
Elizabeth Regina:
The age of triumph 1588-1603 by Alison Plowden (Sutton, 2000) £8.99
This concluding part of Plowden's biography presents Elizabeth I at the
peak of her form – tough, vigorous and autocratic, her appetite for
the pleasures and problems of life seemingly unquenchable.
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Websites
The English
Mercurie 1588
www.adelpha.com/~davidco/History/drake1.htm
Reproduction of a newspaper report of Drake's role in the Spanish
Armada.
The Spanish Armada
www.newadvent.org/cathen/01727c.htm
A scholarly article on the Armada from the Catholic point of view.
A History of the
Spanish Armada
www.rbethke.pensacola.com/Armada.htm
Enthusiast's site with lots of good information and interesting questions,
such as: 'Why was Philip II's Armada remembered as a naval engagement
when he intended it as an amphibious assault?'
Books
The Voyage of the
Armada: The Spanish story by David Howarth (Cassell, 2001) £6.99
Brilliantly conveys the drama of the Spanish Armada's progress and brings
to life the personalities of the men who influenced its course.
The Spanish Armadas
by Graham Winston (Penguin, 2001) £9.99
This account places the three Spanish Armadas (1588, 1596, 1597) in their
true context, as the most spectacular of Spain's continued attempts to
return England to Catholicism, first through friendship, then by marriage
and finally through war.
The Defeat of the
Spanish Armada by Garrett Mattingly (Pimlico, 2000) £10.50
First published in 1959, this classic gives a compelling account of the
attack of the Armada and its defeat in the wider European context.
Exploring the Spanish
Armada by Winifred Glover (O'Brien Press, 2001) £8.99
Focuses on the court intrigue, the success of the English onslaught, battle
formations, religious crusading and the scattering of Spanish ships against
the Irish coast by violent storms. It also reveals the treasures and historical
artefacts found in the wrecks.
Grand Strategy
of Philip II by Geoffrey Parker (Yale University Press, 2000) £12.95
Looks at Philip of Spain's motivations, priorities and execution of the
Armada.
The Spanish Armada
by Colin Martin and Geoffrey Parker (Mandolin, 1999) £12.99
Examines startling new evidence from under the sea and the vast archives
of those who shaped the Spanish defeat.
Merchants and Revolution:
Commercial change, political conflict and London's overseas traders, 1550-1653
by Robert Brenner (Verso Books, 2001) £15
Details the transformation of English commerce in the century after 1550,
explaining the factors behind the opening of long-distance commerce to
the south and east and profiling the new colonial traders.
Top
Websites
Trading, Slaving,
Piracy and the Spanish Armada
www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/sceptred_isle/page/54.shtml?question=54
Short article from the BBC's 'This Sceptred Isle' website.
Pirate Cove
www.vleonica.com/pirates.htm
Large enthusiast's site with information on about 50 pirates, including
Francis Drake and John Hawkins.
Francis Drake
www.mariner.org/age/drake.html
Short article on Drake's circumnavigation of the world, including
a map showing his major voyages.
Sir Francis Drake
www.mcn.org/2/oseeler/drake.htm
Website written by Oliver Seeler, mainly concerned with his theories about
where Drake landed on the west coast of North America in the summer of
1579, during his circumnavigation.
Sir Walter Raleigh's
American Colonies
www.btinternet.com/~richard.towers/jim/raleigh1.html
Gives detailed information of the expeditions to the New World that
Ralegh financed.
Inuit & Englishmen:
The Nunavut voyages of Martin Frobisher
www.civilization.ca/hist/frobisher/frint01e.html
Terrific site from the Canadian Museum of Civilization that concentrates
on Frobisher's encounters with Native Canadians.
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
www.nps.gov/fora/gilbert.htm
Long article about Gilbert, from the Roanoke Revisited Heritage Education
Program.
Sir Richard Grenville
and the Last Fight of the Revenge, 1591
www.militaryhistoryonline.com/renaissance/revenge/default.asp
Article about Grenville's last battle and death, from Military History
Online.
The 'Discovery'
of the Falkland Islands by Sir Richard Hawkins
www.falklandshistory.com/articles/hawkins.html
Extract from Hawkins' book Purchas his Pilgrimes (1622), which
may or may not reveal that he was the first to discover the Falklands.
Books
Elizabethan Sea
Dogs by Angus Konstam (Osprey, 2001) £9.99
The swashbuckling English sea captains of the Elizabethan era were a particular
breed of adventurer, with a seemingly insatiable appetite for Spanish
treasure. Covers Drake, Ralegh, Hawkins and Frobisher in colourful detail,
including their daring exploits in the New World.
Sir Francis Drake:
The queen's pirate by Harry Kelsey (Yale University Press, 2000) £11.99
Lively biography that shatters the legend of Drake as a pious and brave
seaman and draws on new evidence portraying him as an amoral privateer
who never waged traditional warfare with any success.
Drake and Tudor
Exploration by Brian Williams (Heinemann, 1995) £5.99
Illustrated account of English explorers during the reign of Elizabeth
I. Describes how and why seafarers such as Drake, Frobisher and Ralegh
captured treasure, redrew maps and planted the seeds of an overseas empire.
Martin Frobisher:
Elizabethan privateer by James McDermott (Yale University Press, 2001)
£25
Looks at the life and exploits of the adventurous and wilful sea-commander
and privateer, from his voyages in search of his fabled Northwest Passage
to his courageous resistance to the Spanish Armada.
Museums
Ulster Museum
Museums & Galleries of Northern Ireland
Botanic Gardens
Belfast BT9 5AB
Tel: 028 9038 3000
Website: www.ulstermuseum.org.uk
In its 'Treasures of the Armada' exhibition, you can see pieces from the
amazing range of material excavated from the wrecks of the Girona,
the La Trinidad Valencera and the Santa Maria de la Rosa.
The rogue state
The pirates
The Armada
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