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1935
• On 1 January in Turkey, family names are made obligatory and titles are abolished. Mustafa Kemal adopts the name Kemal Atatürk (Father of the Turks). • On 16 March, Germany repudiates the disarmament clauses in the Treaty of Versailles (see 1919) and introduces conscription. • On 7 June in Britain, Stanley Baldwin forms a new National government, with Ramsay MacDonald as lord president of the council. • In Germany, on 15 September, the Nuremberg Laws are passed, depriving Jews of citizenship rights. • On 2 October, Italian troops invade Abyssinia (Ethiopia), as part of Benito Mussolini's plan to create an Italian empire, and to avenge the defeat of the Italian army by the Abyssinians at Adowa in 1896. • On 15 November, the Philippines become independent. • In Britain, the first radar is developed by Robert Watson-Watt. • Fluorescent lighting is first used. • Kodak introduces colour photography. • The game Monopoly, invented by Charles B Darrow of Philadelphia, is launched in the United States. • In the United States, the first performance of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess reflects the impact of black spirituals on opera. • The first performance of American choreographer Martha Graham's powerful Primitive Mysteries introduces a new spirit into modern dance. |
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