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1925
• In October, the Locarno Conference agrees a series of international treaties concerning the borders of European countries, bringing stability to European politics. • In the Soviet Union, Stalin emerges as ruler. • In July in the United States, John T Scopes, a Tennessee biology teacher, is put on trial for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. He loses the case (later known as the 'monkey trial'), and the law is not repealed until 1967. • Chiang Kai-shek launches a military campaign to unify China. • The first surrealist exhibition is held in Paris. This marks the start of surrealism – led by André Breton and later involving artists such as Salvador Dali – as a leading modern art movement. • Soviet film-maker Sergei Eisenstein makes The Battleship Potemkin, an epic marking the 20th anniversary of the 1905 revolution. Meanwhile, in the United States, Charlie Chaplin stars in the silent comedy The Gold Rush. • Czech writer Franz Kafka publishes Der Prozess (The Trial), a classic modernist tale of paranoia and anxiety. • German architect Walter Gropius moves the Bauhaus – a school of architectural design, formed in 1919, where artists work with technicians in the production of industrial goods – to Dessau. Its products revolutionise modern design. |
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