1920

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• On 16 January in the United States, Prohibition – which outlaws the making or sale of alcohol – begins (lasts until 1931).

• The US Senate votes against joining the League of Nations.

• In India, Mahatma Gandhi persuades the Indian National Congress – the main political party – to begin a campaign of non-violent action against British rule in India.

• In Ireland, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) is formed with the aim of fighting British rule and winning national independence.

• In Germany, the new Weimar Republic is threatened by the Kapp Putsch (Kapp Uprising) from 13 to 17 March, an attempt by disbanded soldiers led by American-born journalist Wolfgang Kapp to seize power.

• On 10 August, Mustafa Kemal leads Turkish nationalist resistance to Allied plans for the partition of Turkey.

• On 2 November, in the US presidential election, the Republican candidate Warren G Harding wins.

• American women are given the vote.

• Swiss neurologist Herman Rorschach invents inkblot test to diagnose mental disorders.

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