1906

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• In the US, a major earthquake strikes San Francisco on 18 April, leaving over 200,000 homeless and over 1,000 dead.

• The first Russian parliament – the Duma – meets in May.

• In Iran, a successful revolution leads to a parliament.

• In France, Georges Clemenceau becomes prime minister; his government suppresses striking workers. Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a French Jew falsely accused of treason (1894), is finally exonerated.

• In India, the Muslim League, which aims to campaign for Muslim representation in government, is founded on 30 December.

• In the United States, novelist Upton Sinclair publishes The Jungle, a sharp criticism of the meat-packing industry that results in the Pure Food and Drug Act.

• In Philadelphia, French artist Henri Matisse exhibits Bonheur de vivre (Joy of Life). He becomes one of the most influential modern artists.

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