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1901

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• On 23 January, Britain's Queen Victoria, empress of India, dies. Queen since 1837, she is succeeded by her son, Edward VII.

• On 6 September, US president William McKinley is assassinated by an anarchist. Vice-president Theodore Roosevelt becomes 26th president.

• Australia becomes virtually independent of Britain.

• Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi transmits radio signals across the Atlantic.

• The hearing aid is patented in the United States.

• In Paris and Barcelona, Spanish artist Pablo Picasso begins his 'Blue Period', so named because of his use of sombre colours in his paintings (until 1904).

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