11 December 1878
Zulu War

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Zulus – the indigenous people of Zululand in southern Africa – have long-running grievances against Boer settlers, who originated from the Netherlands. The Dutch Boer Republic of Transvaal, recognised by the European powers, has been established on part of Zululand. The Boers are forced to turn to Britain for help in containing Zulu uprisings.

Britain is eager to extend its influence, and its three South African colonies – Cape Colony, Natal and Griqualand West – enter a confederation with the Transvaal. In December 1878, Sir Bartle Frere, the British high commissioner, provokes confrontation with the Zulu leader Cetshwayo, and war breaks out.

The Zulus, skilled and well-organised warriors, inflict heavy losses, defeating more than 1,200 British troops in battle at Isandlwana. In July 1879, British forces finally defeat the Zulus at Ulundi, and by 1888 all Zululand has been annexed by the British.

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