31 July 1875
Public Health Act

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The government finally brings in compulsory health measures. These already exist in some areas, but until now they have depended on the good will of rate-payers and the cooperation of local companies and authorities. Now by law:

• Medical officers of health and sanitary inspectors must be appointed for each area.

• Local councils have the power to build drains, sewers and reservoirs.

• Local councils must ensure supplies of pure water and oversee rubbish collection.

• Houses where people have caught infectious diseases must be disinfected.

These measures empower local authorities. Together with the Artisans' Dwellings Act, they make slum clearance possible – in theory. In reality, few authorities are willing to invest the sums needed. Two honourable exceptions are Birmingham and Leeds, where local authorities take direct control of supplying water and gas.

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