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17 March 1858
Irish Republican Brotherhood
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The Irish Republican Brotherhood is formed in Dublin by James Stephens.
The secret group aims to throw the British out of Ireland by whatever
means possible (see Further
afield).
In 1859, John O'Mahony establishes a New York-based counterpart:
the Fenian Brotherhood. Many of its members are émigrés
who took part in the Young Ireland rising of 1848 (see Irish famine). From 1865, Fenians
attack British interests in Canada, Britain and Ireland, and in 1867,
the Irish Republican Brotherhood (also popularly known as the Fenians)
launches a series of raids in England (see 1867
Fenian attacks).
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