20 June 1837
Victoria becomes queen

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William IV dies and his 18-year-old niece Victoria becomes queen. She takes over the monarchy at a difficult time. Although Britain is one of the world's richest nations, with an empire and flourishing trade, its wealth is unevenly distributed. The population is growing rapidly and economic depression and failed harvests have brought poverty to many. The Poor Law of 1834 has introduced the hated workhouse. Conditions in factories and mines are dreadful. Protest is widespread and sometimes turns violent. There are many campaigns for social reform.

As a constitutional monarch, Victoria works closely with the government of the day, being briefed on their policies. The Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne takes her under his wing and teaches her about the workings of politics and government. He is soon her most trusted adviser.

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