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Time traveller's guide to Victorian Britain
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Charles Babbage
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Babbage.html
Interesting biography that tells, among much else, how, when Babbage was instrumental in getting legislation passed that would eliminate street entertainers – he said they destroyed 25% of his working power – he was persecuted by the latter (one brass band played outside his windows for five hours with only one brief intermission).

Charles Darwin (1809-82)
www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/
Science/Darwin.htm

Enthusiast's biography of the English naturalist famously known as the author of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Contains lots of quotes from Darwin and his contemporaries.

Delta Omega – Honorary Society in Public Health
www.deltaomega.org/classics.htm
Online texts including The Mode of Communication of Cholera by John Snow, Notes on Nursing by Florence Nightingale and an article by Dr William Budd on an outbreak of typhoid fever in London in 1857.

The Naming of Ada
www.iste.uni-stuttgart.de/ps/AdaBasis/
pal_1195/ada/ajpo/pol-hist/history/lady-lov.txt

Augusta Ada Byron (1815-52), daughter of Lord Byron, is regarded as the world's first computer programmer. A software language developed by the US Department of Defense was named 'Ada' in her honour in 1979. She anticipated, by more than a century, modern technology and computing.

Nineteenth-century British Public Health Overview
www.victorianweb.org/science/health/
healthov.html

Articles on medicine and medical care in Victorian Britain.

Physics in the 19th Century
www.victorianweb.org/science/physintro.html
Gateway site with links to articles and information on 19th-century physics in Britain, including biographies of James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday.

Richard Owen (1804-92)
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/owen.html
Thorough biography of the comparative anatomist whose refusal to support Darwin's theories publicly made him look foolish when his mistakes in primate anatomy became apparent.

Sir Joseph John Thomson
www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/
joseph_john_thomson.html

An interesting rundown of Thomson's life and achievements, particularly the discovery of the electron. On the Nobel Timeline website.

Science and Learned Culture in Victorian Britain
www.history.ox.ac.uk/hsmt/pdf/
science_victorian_britain.pdf

Oxford University's modern history faculty offers an e-booklet (PDF format) containing outlines and resources of a series of lectures, which dealt with geology, natural theology, Darwin, anthropology and general science during the 19th century.

Victorian Medicine
www.geocities.com/victorianmedicine/
index.html

Student study that looks at traditional medicinal practices, the scientific theories of the time, the common treatments used and Victorian health trends.

Victorian Science – An overview
www.victorianweb.org/science/sciov.html
Information and articles on the sciences and the key scientists during this period.

Books

The First Five Lives of Annie Besant and The Last Four Lives of Annie Besant both by A H Nethercot (Hart-Davis, 1961, 1963). Out of print; may be available from libraries and second-hand bookshops.
Two volumes covering the biography of one of the most compelling women of the Victorian era.

Book coverJohn Stuart Mill: Autobiography edited by John Robson (Penguin, 1989)
Stuart Mill was a prolific journalist, brilliant logician, philosopher, liberal MP and pioneer of women's suffrage, whose remarkable educational feats caused him a severe mental crisis in his 30s.
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Book coverMaking Medicine Scientific: John Burdon Sanderson and the culture of Victorian science by Terrie M Romano (Johns Hopkins University, 2002)
Romano uses the life and eclectic career of Sir John Burdon Sanderson (1829-1905) to explore the Victorian campaign to make medicine scientific.
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Book coverThe Meaning of Everything: The story of the Oxford English Dictionary by Simon Winchester (Oxford University Press, 2003)
Winchester charts the fascinating life of the OED from the appointment of the first editor to the dictionary's triumphant publication in 1928 and beyond.
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Book coverMesmerized: Powers of mind in Victorian Britain by Alison Winter (University of Chicago Press, 2000)
Surveys the rise and fall of mesmerism in Victorian Britain, from animal magnetism to hypnotism, table-turning and other fads. By ostensibly telling a history of mesmerism, the author offers a cultural history of the making of medical knowledge.
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Book coverReproductive Physiology and Birth Control: The writings of Charles Knowlton and Annie Besant edited by S Chandrasekhar (Transaction Publishers, 2002)
A history of the world birth control movement that establishes a context for understanding the advocacy of birth control in 19th-century England and how it helped the women's movement. Included are two of Besant's own pamphlets on birth control and an account of the Bradlaugh–Besant trial.  
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Book coverRevealing New Worlds: Three Victorian women naturalists by Suzanne Le-May Sheffield (Routledge, 2001)
The story of 19th-century science often tells a tale of a male-dominant domain. This work relates the stories of three Victorian women of science: naturalist Margaret Gatty, botanical artist Marianne North and entomologist Eleanor Anne Ormerod.
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Book coverThe Victorian Amateur Astronomer: Independent astronomical research in Britain 1820-1920 by Allan Chapman (Praxis Publishing, 1998)
A fascinating exploration of Victorian astronomy, this describes the technical issues that astronomers faced, the problems of finance and patronage, and the dissemination of scientific ideas. It also examines the relationship between amateur and professional astronomers.
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Book coverThe Victorian Internet by Tom Standage (Phoenix, 1999)
The story of the spread of the telegraph and its transformation of the Victorian world. The telegraph was greeted with the same concerns, hype, social panic and excitement that now surround the internet; this work provides an insight into the past and a context in which to think differently about today's concerns.
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Book coverVictorian Science in Context edited by Bernard Lightman (University of Chicago Press, 1997)
Sets out to capture the essence of the Victorians' fascination with science, charting the many ways in which it influenced and was influenced by the larger Victorian culture.
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