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1 April 1806
Joseph Bonaparte king of Naples
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Napoleon's elder brother, Joseph, is made king of Naples – the beginning
of the emperor's elevation of members of his family to crowned heads of
state (see Liberté, égalité,
fraternité). Two months later, another brother, Louis, is made
king of Holland. In 1808, Joseph is forced to stand down in Naples to
make way for Marshal Murat, married to
his sister Caroline. He is pacified by being given the throne of Spain,
which he retains until ousted by Wellington
in 1813.
'The confidence with which a sovereign is invested is solid only when
it is sanctioned by the suffrages of the people, who clothed him with
the supreme magistracy.' Napoleon
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