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Historical films

Henry VIII

Anne of the Thousand Days
Britain, 1969
Director
Charles Jarrott
Screenwriters John Hale and Bridget Boland
From the play by Maxwell Anderson
Cinematographer Arthur Ibbetson
Music Georges Delerue
Cast Richard Burton (Henry VIII), Geneviève Bujold (Anne Boleyn), John Colicos (Thomas Cromwell), Irene Papas (Catherine of Aragon), Anthony Quayle (Cardinal Wolsey), Michael Hordern, Katharine Blake, Peter Jeffrey, William Squire (Sir Thomas More), Esmond Knight, Nora Swinburne

French-Canadian Bujold tries desperately to give dignity to a film that, more often than not, descends to woman's-magazine level. Burton simply walks through his role.

A Man for All Seasons
Britain, 1966
Director
Fred Zinnemann
Screenwriter Robert Bolt (from his play)
Cinematographer Ted Moore
Music Georges Delerue
Cast Paul Scofield (Sir Thomas More), Wendy Hiller, Susannah York, Robert Shaw (Henry VIII), Orson Welles (Cardinal Wolsey), Leo McKern (Thomas Cromwell), Nigel Davenport, John Hurt, Corin Redgrave, Cyril Luckham, Jack Gwillim, Vanessa Redgrave (Anne Boleyn)

Well-deserved multiple Oscar winner (best picture, director, screenplay, actor, cinematography) that deals with Sir Thomas More's objections to Henry VIII's divorce and his subsequent execution. Perhaps makes More a great deal more saintly than he actually was.

The Private Life of Henry VIII
Britain, 1933
Director
Alexander Korda
Screenwriters Lajos Biro and Arthur Wimperis
Cinematographer Georges Périnal
Music Kurt Schroeder
Cast Charles Laughton (Henry VIII), Elsa Lanchester (Anne of Cleves), Robert Donat, Merle Oberon (Anne Boleyn), Binnie Barnes, Franklin Dyall, Miles Mander, Wendy Barrie, Claud Allister, Everley Gregg

Charles Laughton won an Oscar for his larger-than-life portrayal of the Tudor king, which set the pattern for the public's perception of the ruler.

Elizabeth I

Drake of England
Britain, 1935
Director
Arthur Woods
Screenwriters Clifford, Grey, Akos Tolney, Marjories Deans and Norman Watson
From the play Drake by Louis N Parker
Cinematographers Claude Friese-Greene, Ronald Neame and Jack Parker Music G H Clutsam
Cast Matheson Lang (Drake), Athene Seyler (Elizabeth I), Jane Baxter, Donald Wolfit, Henry Mollison, George Merritt, Amy Veness, Sam Livesey, Ben Webster

Called Drake the Pirate and Elizabeth of England in the States, this historical pageant depicts Drake being knighted by Elizabeth I and defeating the Spanish Armada.

Elizabeth
Britain, 1998
Director
Shekhar Kapur
Screenwriter Michael Hirst
Cinematographer Remi Adefarasin
Music David Hirschfelder
Cast Cate Blanchett (Elizabeth), Geoffrey Rush, Christopher Eccleston, Joseph Fiennes, Richard Attenborough, Fanny Ardant, Kathy Burke, Eric Cantona, James Frain, Vincent Cassel, Daniel Craig, John Gielgud, Angus Deayton, Edward Hardwicke, Terence Rigby

Early Elizabethan turmoil: young Elizabeth claims the throne after Catholic Queen Mary's death, surrounded by enemies and reigning over a country torn by religion. New take on historical drama by an outstanding Indian director.

Mary Queen of Scots
Britain, 1971
Director
Charles Jarrott
Screenwriter John Hale
Cinematographer Christopher Challis
Music John Barry
Cast Vanessa Redgrave (Mary), Glenda Jackson (Elizabeth), Trevor Howard, Patrick McGoohan, Nigel Davenport

The battle between Mary Stuart and Elizabeth I, with little respect for history: in the film, the two protagonists meet twice, when, in fact, they never met once.

Mary of Scotland
US, 1936
Director
John Ford
Screenwriter Dudley Nichols
From the play by Maxwell Anderson
Cinematographer Joseph H August
Music Nathaniel Shilkret
Cast Katharine Hepburn (Mary), Fredric March, Donald Crisp, Florence Eldridge (Elizabeth I), Douglas Walton, John Carradine, Robert Barrat, Monte Blue, Moroni Olsen, Frieda Inescort, Alan Mowbray

John Ford turns from the western to historical splendour in this early epic on the life of Mary Queen of Scots, but ends up with a film that has as much life as Monument Valley.

The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex
US, 1939
Director
Michael Curtiz
Screenwriters Norman Reilly Raine and Aeneas Mackenzie
From the play Elizabeth the Queen by Maxwell Anderson
Cinematographers Sol Polito and W Howard Greene
Music Erich Wolfgang Korngold
Cast Bette Davis (Elizabeth I), Errol Flynn (Essex), Olivia de Havilland, Donald Crisp, Vincent Price (Sir Walter Ralegh), Alan Hale, Henry Stephenson, Henry Daniell, Leo G Carroll, Nanette Fabray, Robert Warwick, John Sutton

A classic portrayal of the treachery of Elizabeth's court and the queen's need for someone she can trust. Hardly history, but immensely entertaining.

Shakespeare in Love
US, 1998
Director
John Madden
Screenwriters Mark Norman and Tom Stoppard
Cinematographer Richard Greatrex
Music Stephen Warbeck
Cast Gwyneth Paltrow, Joseph Fiennes (Shakespeare), Geoffrey Rush, Colin Firth, Ben Affleck, Judi Dench (Elizabeth I), Rupert Everett, Simon Callow, Jim Carter, Martin Clunes, Antony Sher, Imelda Staunton, Tom Wilkinson, Mark Williams

This winner of Oscars for best picture, best actress, best supporting actress and best screenplay tells how young Will Shakespeare's comedy Romeo and Ethel, the Pirate's Daughter becomes the tragic Romeo and Juliet, mirroring his own romance.

The Virgin Queen
US, 1955
Director
Henry Koster
Screenwriters Harry Brown and Mindret Lord
Cinematographer Charles G Clarke
Music Franz Waxman
Cast Bette Davis (Elizabeth I), Richard Todd (Ralegh), Joan Collins, Herbert Marshall, Jay Robinson, Dan O'Herlihy, Robert Douglas, Romney Brent

Bette Davis is in full authority in her second portrayal of Elizabeth I, detailing her conflicts with Sir Walter Ralegh.

Edward VI

Lady Jane
Britain, 1986
Screenwriters
David Edgar and Chris Bryant
Director Trevor Nunn
Cinematographer Douglas Slocombe
Music Stephen Oliver
Cast Helena Bonham Carter (Lady Jane), Cary Elwes (Guildford Dudley), John Wood, Michael Hordern, Jill Bennett, Jane Lapotaire, Sara Kestelman, Joss Ackland, Patrick Stewart, Richard Vernon

Unsuccessful biopic (despite the stellar cast and direction) about the young girl who tried to succeed Edward VI in place of his sister Mary.

Further afield

The Agony and the Ecstasy
US, 1965
Director
Carol Reed
Screenwriter Philip Dunne
From the novel by Irving Stone
Cinematographer Leon Shamroy
Music Alex North
Cast Charlton Heston (Michelangelo), Rex Harrison (Pope Julius II), Diane Cilento, Harry Andrews, Alberto Lupo, Adolfo Celi

The story of Michelangelo painting the Sistine Chapel at the insistence of Pope Julius II.

Aguirre, Wrath of God
West Germany, 1972
Director/screenwriter
Werner Herzog
Cinematographer Thomas Mauch
Music Popol Vuh
Cast Klaus Kinski (Aquirre), Ruy Guerra, Helena Rojo, Cecilia Rivera

In 1560, a band of Spanish conquistadors, led by the ruthless and psychopathic Aguirre, venture up a river in Peru in search of El Dorado, the mythical city of gold. Unforgettable acting and images.

Caravaggio
Britain, 1986
Director/screenwriter
Derek Jarman
Cinematographer Gabriel Beristain
Music Simon Fisher Turner
Cast Nigel Terry (Caravaggio), Dexter Fletcher (young Caravaggio), Sean Bean, Garry Cooper, Spencer Leigh

Flamboyant film that showed (for the first time on screen) the homosexual roots of the work of the late Renaissance Italian painter.

Cervantes
Spain/Italy/France, 1968
Director
Vincent Sherman
Screenwriters Enrique Llovet and Enrico Bomba
From the novel by Bruno Frank
Cinematographer Edmond Richard
Music Jean Ledrut
Cast Horst Buchholz (Cervantes), Gina Lollobrigida, Louis Jourdan, José Ferrer, Fernando Rey, Francisco Rabal

As a papal envoy, the future author of Don Quixote persuades Philip of Spain to join the Holy League, before becoming a soldier and having various adventures. The film was called The Young Rebel in the States.

Il Mestiere delle Armi (Profession of Arms)
2000

Director Ermanno Olmi

Story of Giovanni de Medici, a captain in the war of Charles V against the pope, in the first half of the 16th century when being a soldier was a professional choice.

Luther
Britain, 1973
Director
Guy Green
Screenwriter Edward Anhalt
From the play by John Osborne
Cinematographer Freddie Young
Music John Addison
Cast Stacy Keach (Luther), Patrick Magee, Hugh Griffith, Robert Stephens, Alan Badel, Julian Glover, Judi Dench, Leonard Rossiter, Maurice Denham

This film, which tells how the radical teachings of German cleric Martin Luther led to the Peasants' Revolt in 1525, never fully escapes its theatrical origins, but is worth watching for the cast.

Mughal-e-Azam
1960
Director
K Asif

Urdu film, set in 16th-century India, about war between the Mogul crown prince Saleem and his father, the great Mogul emperor Akbar, which started over a love affair between the prince and a court dancer. A highly rated classic.

Paracelsus
Germany, 1943
Director
Georg Wilhelm Pabst
Screenwriters Kurt Heuser and G W Pabst
Cinematographer Bruno Stephan
Music Herbert Windt
Cast Werner Krauss (Paracelsus), Mathias Wieman, Harald Kreutzberg, Martin Urtel, Harry Langewisch

Paracelsus, a 16th-century Swiss doctor and an important figure in early medicine, upsets the status quo with new methods of treating illness. One of three films directed by Pabst for the Third Reich.

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