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17 October 1171
Henry II lands in Ireland

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Henry II is the first English king to try to colonise Ireland. He sees his chance after the deposed king of Leinster, Dermot McMurrough, asks for English help to win back his lost lands. A group of nobles sail over the Irish Sea and take control of key cities in the south. Henry follows with an army in 1171 to restore order after Dermot dies, leaving Irish rulers reluctant to accept English successors. Irish kings and the Church submit to Henry as their feudal overlord. But when he leaves the following spring, bloody squabbles break out. By the early 1400s, English rule is confined to the 'Pale', an area of about 25 square miles around Dublin.

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