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13 January 27 BC
Augustus emperor
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After Octavian's defeat of Antony and Cleopatra at the battle
of Actium, he returns to Rome via Egypt. In 29 BC, he marks the achievement
of peace throughout the empire by closing the principal temple of Janus
for the first time in more than 200 years (in wartime, the gates are always
kept open; in peacetime, they are shut). In 27 BC, the Senate bestows
on him the title of 'Augustus', by which name he is known from now on.
Although Augustus portrays himself as a defender of republican values,
his rule (until his death in AD 14) marks the end of the Republic.
'May it be my privilege to establish the state in a firm and secure
position, and reap from that act the fruit that I desire, but only if
I may be called the author of the best possible government, and bear with
me the hope when I die that the foundations that I have laid for the state
will remain unshaken.'
Augustus, quoted by Suetonius
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