Gluten is a protein found in grains including wheat, rye, barley, spelt, triticale and kamut. Some people with coeliac disease are also sensitive to oats.
When someone with coeliac disease eats gluten, the body’s immune system mistakes the gluten as harmful and attacks it. This damages the lining of the gut reducing the absorption of nutrients and leading to symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation, stomach pains, bloating, tiredness, and weight loss. Whilst there is no cure for coeliac disease, symptoms can be kept under control by strictly avoiding gluten. If you suffer from coeliac disease it is vital to read labels carefully, not just for the obvious suspects such as wheat, but also for rusk, thickeners, malt and modified starch which can all contain gluten.
Some people can be intolerant to gluten without having coeliac disease but this is not a permanent condition. Symptoms can be similar to coeliac such as bloating, diarrhoea, and constipation however these often clear up once gluten is removed from the diet and gut health is improved. Gluten can then usually be slowly re-introduced to the diet.
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